Management Pulmonary oedema

Monitoring progress:
BP;
heart rate;
cyanosis;
respiratory rate;
JVP;
urine output,
ABG.

Once stable and improving:
Daily weights; BP and pulse/6h. Repeat CXR.
Change to oral furosemide or bumetanide.
If on large doses of loop diuretic, consider the addition of a thiazide (eg bendroflumethiazide or metolazone 2.5-5mg daily PO).
ACE-i if left ventricular failure. If ACE-i contraindicated, consider hydralazine and nitrate (may also be more effective in (Afrocaribbeans)10.
Also consider β-blocker and spironolactone.
Is the patient suitable for cardiac transplantation?
Consider digoxin ± warfarin, especially if AF.